![]() The apparatus consists of six branchial arches in the wall of the foregut. Martin Heinrich Rathke is credited with much of the work leading to the understanding of the embryologic development of the branchial arches the classic Rathke diagram.ĭevelopment of the branchial apparatus begins during the 2 nd week of gestation and is completed by the 7 th week. Other malformations of the aortic arch have important associations, such as Type B interrupted aortic arch (IAA), which is associated with a locus 22q11.2 microdeletion. Certain arch anomalies are strongly associated with CHD, including right aortic arch (RAA) with mirror image branching. Arch variants that form a vascular ring, such as a double aortic arch, can result in respiratory distress due to tracheal compression. Arch anomalies can be associated with symptoms, such as dysphagia lusoria in the setting of the left aortic arch with the aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA). Aortic arch variants and anomalies will be reviewed in the context of a theoretical double aortic arch system. Available from: Ĭongenital variants and anomalies of the aortic arch are important to recognize as they may be associated with vascular rings, congenital heart disease (CHD), and chromosomal abnormalities, and can have important implications for prognosis and management. J Indian Acad Echocardiogr Cardiovasc Imaging 2020 4:350-61. Aortic Arch Anomalies and Pulmonary Artery Anomalies : Echocardiographic Evaluation. J Indian Acad Echocardiogr Cardiovasc Imaging 2020 4:350-61 Keywords: Arch anomalies, pulmonary artery anomalies, pulmonary artery sling, vascular ring Arch variants that form a vascular ring, such as double aortic arch, can result in respiratory distress due to tracheal compression. Arch anomalies can be associated with symptoms, such as dysphagia lusoria in the setting of left aortic arch with aberrant right subclavian artery. I have also described few anomalies of pulmonary artery (PA) origin and bifurcation like PA sling which has clinical presentation similar to vascular ring and anomalous origin of PA from aorta which present as large aorto-pulmonary communication with congestive heart failure. ![]() The purpose of this article is to describe the embryology and anatomy of the aortic arch system, discuss aortic arch variants and review other malformations of the aortic arch, including interrupted aortic arch (IAA), hypoplastic aortic arch, and coarctation of aorta. Congenital variants and anomalies of the aortic arch are important to recognize as they may be associated with vascular rings, congenital heart disease, and chromosomal abnormalities, and can have important implications for prognosis and management. ![]()
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